Alex Peek blog

1. Introduction

The Internet has become extremely vast, unorganized and has an overwhelming amount of information. Today in 2024, the most organized collection of information on the Internet is Wikipedia. Since its introduction in 2001^[1], we have seen it grow into a massively useful and interesting project. The problem with Wikipedia is that it’s limited to the encyclopedic format and does not allow individual voices and opinions to be included. The rest of the world’s information is relegated to the gigantic ocean of the World Wide Web.

Meanwhile, it appears political polarization has been on the rise around the world. Over the last 20 years, social media websites like X, Facebook and other feed-based websites have shown to be ineffective in terms of bridging the gap between opposing political beliefs. Without a new medium to share information and communicate, we should expect more of the same. Figuring out how to reverse this trend should be an important issue for the future of democracy and collective decision-making.

We have many news organizations and individuals publishing information, but they exist on separate websites and channels. The same applies to books and printed media. The overall result is an unorganized and chaotic information landscape.

Search engines such as Google, and large language models provide dynamic and sophisticated information retrieval tools, but they do not organize the world’s information. I define the word ‘organize’ as ‘to arrange something into categories or an order’. Feeds and retrieval engines are too ephemeral to be durable organization tools. To organize information, you need something solid like a directory with categories.

The most famous examples of directories on the Internet have been the Yahoo! Directory and DMOZ. These resources closed respectively in 2014^[2] and 2017^[3]. After DMOZ closed, it was succeeded by Curlie which is currently the largest human-edited directory on the Internet^[4]. Curlie is a directory of websites, but is not a directory of information. Likewise, the Yahoo! Directory and DMOZ were website directories rather than information directories.

These examples show that humanity has not yet figured out an effective system to organize the totality of information and opinions. In the next part of the essay, I will provide a description of information blogging, which I believe could be a useful framework for addressing this issue.

2. Explanation of information blogging

Broadly speaking, information blogging is the creation of short information blog posts. This part of the essay will explain some of the terms and concepts having to do with information blogging, including three proposed methods.

2.1 Information blog

An information blog is a website with posts displaying facts, figures and pieces of information with minimal or no commentary. The goal is to provide a webpage with only information.

Typically an information blog post will consist of a list, collection or timeline, but it can also be a series of short paragraphs. If the post contains a series of paragraphs, it should be simple and direct with minimal commentary.

Ideally, an information blog post will display the information at the top of the page to reduce unnecessary scrolling. Additionally, the post should have a clear title that states the contents of the page. This way, the reader can know what to expect before visiting the page and quickly access the information.

2.2 Information blogging network

The information blogging network is the totality of information blogs that are connected to the wider collection of information blogs on the Internet. As of writing this essay, the information blogging network does not exist, so we can only speculate as to how it would be.

At the macro level, I imagine the network would consist primarily of information blog directories. Some directories would contain many types of information blogs, while other directories would have certain requirements for inclusion.

Some directories would include all information blogs that use a particular guidelines, standard or criteria. Other directories would include all blogs from authors with a certain academic or expert qualification. There would also be directories that include blogs from a specific organization, institution or government.

In addition to directories, the network would include search engines that provide results from all information blogs or a subset of information blogs. While the directories would be focused on organizing information, the search engines would be focused on retrieving information.

The following sections will introduce three methods (one guidelines, one standard and one criteria) that could be used within the information blogging network. These are only three suggested methods and do not constitute the entirety of possible information blogging techniques.

2.3 Information blogging guidelines

Information blogging guidelines (IBG) is a list of templates and goals for displaying information on a blog post. The introduction paragraph of the post should include at least one of the templates. There are 5 templates and 3 goals listed below.

    Templates

• This post is a list of…
• This post is a collection of…
• This post is a timeline of…
• There are __ _____ listed below alphabetically.
• There are __ _____ listed below chronologically.

    Goals

• Minimalism and clarity
• Standardization across IBG posts
• Networks of IBG websites and blogs

Typically an IBG post will consist of a short introduction paragraph followed by a list or collection. One or two of the templates will form the basis of the first paragraph. Sometimes a photo will be included at the top of the page. The primary goal is to make a webpage that is concise and simple.

Because IBG is a set of guidelines rather than a standard, variation and experimentation outside of the templates and goals is encouraged. There is not an objective line that says whether or not a blog post is following IBG. It’s normal for an IBG post to include additional sentences that do not follow the templates. The important aspect is at least one of the templates are used.

The purpose of the guidelines is to provide a center of gravity for information blog posts to aim for. This enables multiple blogs to make compatible posts and contribute to a larger information project while existing on separate URLs. Below is an example of the IBG method.

Example 1

List of the Thirteen Colonies

This post is a list of the Thirteen Colonies. These colonies later became the original 13 states in the United States. There are 13 colonies listed below alphabetically. Source: Wikipedia, Thirteen Colonies^[5]

• Connecticut
• Delaware
• Georgia
• Maryland
• Massachusetts
• New Hampshire
• New Jersey
• New York
• North Carolina
• Pennsylvania
• Rhode Island
• South Carolina
• Virginia

An IBG post can be a list of facts, a list of quotes, a collection of images, a list of principles, a timeline of events, or any kind of series that can exist as a list. There is no limit to the diversity of information that can be displayed in a list or collection. Below is another example of an IBG post.

Example 2

Collection of principles of relativity

This post is a collection of principles of relativity. There are 10 principles listed below.

1. Time feels the same for all observers
2. Nothing can move faster than the speed of light
3. The speed of light is ~ 670,616,629 miles per hour^[6]
4. Accelerating feels like a force, while moving at a steady speed does not
5. Massive objects cause time to go slower in the space around them
6. An object moving near the speed of light moves through time slowly
7. To an observer, an object moving near the speed of light contracts in length
8. To an observer, an object moving near the speed of light feels heavier
9. When an observer is moving near the speed of light, the rest of the universe contracts in length
10. When an observer is moving near the speed of light, the rest of the universe feels lighter

Minimalism and clarity are listed together as a goal because simple webpages are more effective at communicating information than confusing webpages. This goal is purposefully open-ended because there are multiple ways to achieve minimalism and clarity. Roughly speaking, the goal aims to reduce unnecessary content and help the reader focus on what is important.

3. Potential benefits of information blogging

This part of the essay will describe how information blogging could be beneficial for society and users of the Internet. It can be difficult to explain the purpose of information blogging with a single answer because it simultaneously addresses multiple problems. Below is a list of the six potential benefits discussed in this part of the essay.

1. Organize the world’s information
2. Unite websites
3. Create useful and interesting webpages
4. Make difficult information comprehensible to laypersons
5. Help opposing sides in an argument understand each other more clearly
6. Improve humanity’s ability to coordinate on collective issues

3.1 Information blogging can organize the world’s information

Why is it useful to organize information? The simple answer is without organizing information, by definition you have a mess of information, which is synonymous with chaos, disorder and confusion. When it comes to the world’s information, I do not think chaos and confusion is a good thing.

Organizing information can be beneficial in multiple ways: it can make difficult subjects more clear to readers, it can make arguments easier to understand and it can help groups of people coordinate. I will elaborate on each of these points respectively in sections 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6.

Within information blogging, each post is focused on displaying one chunk of information. A chunk is a unit of information consisting of smaller pieces of information which together form a meaningful whole. By creating chunks, information blogging enables information to exist in a granular format with greater flexibility to be organized and rearranged.

Wikipedia

I believe Wikipedia is limited in its ability to organize information. Every Wikipedia article is focused on a particular concept and has a few sections to organize information about that concept. This is a consistent formula across Wikipedia and encyclopedias in general.

The problem is that the encyclopedia article, which represents an entire concept, is too broad to be an effective base unit for organizing information. Imagine organizing a list of Wikipedia articles into categories. It doesn’t make sense to organize a list of concepts and call that organizing information. The name of a concept by itself doesn’t possess enough meaningful information. To organize information, I believe it should be done at the chunk level.

3.2 Information blogging standards and guidelines can unite websites

Information blogging standards and guidelines provide a way for multiple websites to be connected and contribute to a wider information collection project. The development of the totality of all information blogs would serve as the unifying project. The goal would be to improve the network. Similar to how people rally around Wikipedia, people can rally around the concept of information blogging or a specific information blogging method, such as IBG.

Today in 2024, most websites exist in isolation without being directly connected to other websites. The Internet can be described primarily as a hub-and-spoke model, rather than as a peer-to-peer web. When we think about the major websites on the Internet, almost all of them are hub-and-spoke models, existing primarily for themselves, rather than existing as part of a decentralized web.

Blogosphere and RSS

One of the most prominent examples of the web model on the Internet is the blogosphere and the RSS standard. But besides blog rolls and links to other blogs, blogs mostly act independently from each other. Every blog and website pursues its own goal.

The web model of the blogosphere exists but it is not very strong. Instead we have an Internet with millions of blogs of varying popularity and associations, but the actual web model appears nonexistent or irrelevant. I can’t point to a blog or place on the Internet that I would consider as a useful way to access the web model of the blogosphere.

I would argue that without a shared project or goal, blogs and websites naturally go in different directions, regardless of sharing the RSS standard. RSS serves primarily as a personal notification system to monitor multiple websites simultaneously and receive a feed of new content. But RSS by itself does not provide a central project for websites to work on together.

3.3 Information blogging can create useful and interesting webpages

When an individual makes an information blog post, they are essentially taking an informational snapshot of something to be displayed to the public. In this way, information blogging can be seen as both an art project and an information project.

Information blogging has the ability to display information in ways never seen before to the reader. People have information in their heads, but how many times have they seen that information clearly stated on a page? That is the beauty of information blogging.

By creating directories and curated lists of content, information blogging is a way to make online museums and galleries. An information blog is something to be explored one room at a time. Experts and creative individuals could make interesting and original collections to be enjoyed by the general public.

3.4 Information blogging can make difficult information comprehensible to laypersons

The design of information blogging is meant to make very simple webpages that can be easily understood. Information blog posts are often short and display an extremely limited amount of material. The purpose is to communicate one core idea or a set of principles that can stand out to the reader.

Imagine a culture of bloggers and websites devoted to the IAAOP principle. Bloggers would collect and organize what they believed to be the best examples of IAAOP. Different authors would create posts that try to more accurately elucidate difficult concepts. It's possible that such a network would build off of itself to create ever-improving educational websites and webpages.

Information blogging can serve as a framework to collect and organize the best explanations and quotes within the limits of fair use and legality. Finding optimal quotes is an IAAOP task. Certain descriptions and metaphors can make all the difference when learning a subject. When it comes to education, we cannot be satisfied with vague, incomplete answers. There is no limit to how effective an explanation can illuminate a difficult concept.

Additionally, it would be useful to see how an expert organizes chunks of information on a topic. This would allow the reader to clearly see the basic building blocks, along with which chunks establish the framework for more advanced topics. Awareness of the structure of a field of knowledge, is knowledge itself.

I believe the best way to dissect difficult information is to break it into smaller steps or chunks. This can be compared to trying to climb a wall with easy climbing holds. Every chunk is something definite to build on. The alternative is to read a wall of text or listen to a monologue. When reading dense paragraphs, every sentence has equal weight and they can blend together. Using the climbing analogy, this can be seen as a wall with less defined climbing holds. Reading books is great for the mind, but I do not think dense text is the best way to illuminate difficult material.

3.5 Information blogging can help opposing sides in an argument understand each other more clearly

Information blogging standards and guidelines can be designed to make debates and arguments more organized and clear. Standards can be created to limit the amount of reasons or sentences used.

Belief analysis is an example of a standard designed for this purpose. Belief analysis is limited to no more than 5 reasons, no more than 3 sub-reasons per reason, no more than 3 sentences per sub-reason and requires the belief to be stated with a single sentence. This way, the reader can more efficiently understand what a person believes and why.

The alternative is to have arguments that are monologues filled with rhetoric and persuasion tactics. Arguments like this cannot be easily dissected. They feel more like a fast-paced boxing match than careful analysis. Conversely, belief analysis ‘slows down’ an argument and forces each reason and piece of information to stand alone as its own point.

The key to having opposing sides in an argument understand each other is for each of their arguments to be as clear as possible. By design, belief analysis makes an argument vulnerable by removing excess rhetoric and strips an argument down to its core essence. It’s like forcing a moving target to stand still. Either you can let the argument go on for pages and pages, or you can hold its core essence still in clear view.

Belief analysis can help us identify flaws in a belief. By holding the argument still in a controlled system, we can more accurately see where the reasoning and evidence is weak or wrong. Using this method, it’s easier to point to a specific sub-reason than to point at a sequence of paragraphs. If a specific point is in question, there can be a separate belief analysis performed on that single point. It’s not easy to do this when the entire argument blends together. The value of belief analysis is the argument becomes segmented into clear pieces.

3.6 Information blogging can improve humanity’s ability to coordinate on collective issues

When people are faced with a collective issue, it makes sense to collect the relevant information and make it available to the decision-makers. The information should be organized and clear to everyone.

As described earlier in the essay, information blogging provides a framework for multiple voices and points of view to work together on a unified information project while allowing each contributor to maintain independence and control over their contributions. It also provides a method for chunking information which enables greater flexibility and clarity when organizing information.

Under such a framework, various opinions and proposed solutions can be organized in public view. An individual could curate a collection of relevant information blog posts on a particular subject into a simple directory. With trusted curators organizing the discussion and making it accessible to readers, humanity could improve its ability to deliberate on collective issues and determine the right course of action.

The alternative is for humanity to persist in our current environment characterized by chaos and information overload. Across the board on many issues, humanity appears divided and unable to coordinate on public issues. To address this problem, we need a system to bring multiple voices together in a format that is simple, clear and organized.

4. Potential risks of information blogging

This part of the essay will discuss the potential risks of information blogging. I cannot predict the full impact of information blogging, so this is not an exhaustive list of every possible risk. I will also discuss how each risk could be mitigated or reduced. Below is a list of risks that will be mentioned.

1. Misinformation and disinformation
2. Impersonation
3. Increase political polarization
4. Access to dangerous knowledge
5. Reduce attention spans
6. Oversimplification

4.1 Information blogging can have misinformation and disinformation

One of the biggest problems facing information blogging, is the ease at which a person can create blog posts with false information. A bad actor could intentionally pollute the information blogging network with disinformation and lies. Because the network would be decentralized across multiple websites, it would be impossible to stop a person from posting IBG or belief analysis posts with made up information.

The primary way to address this problem would be to create directories and search engines with only trusted information blogs. If a particular blog was found to have fraudulent material or use questionable sources, they could be excluded from such directories and search engines, depending on the discretion and preference of the aggregator.

Not all aggregators of ‘trusted’ blogs would be honest or reliable. Some aggregators would intentionally include blogs with disinformation and propaganda. Other aggregators might have low standards for inclusion. Belief analysis and other methods could be performed by independent reviewers to inform the public about unreliable aggregators and blogs.

Generally speaking, misinformation and disinformation thrive in an environment of chaos and confusion. Usually this is when commentary is dominant and information is presented in a distorted or messy way. Commentary facilitates the spread of half-truths and exaggerations. This is characteristic of the current Internet and media landscape.

I believe the harm of misinformation can be reduced when information is presented in a sober and systematic way. If the information is clearly stated in a list, it’s easier to be audited than if it’s buried within paragraphs and rhetoric. For this reason, information blogging might be better suited to expose disinformation than most other mediums.

4.2 Information blogging can have impersonation

Within the information blogging network, people can create blogs claiming to be somebody they are not, or to have qualifications they lack. They can also create blogs falsely claiming to represent an organization or institution. This is a risk facing social media and the Internet in general.

Similar to how misinformation and disinformation would be addressed, the primary way to address this problem would be to create directories and search engines of only trusted information blogs. To be accepted into a particular aggregator, the author (i.e. the owner of the URL) would need to prove they were legitimate. Verifying authenticity would be the responsibility of the aggregator, and if it included impersonated blogs, the aggregator would lose credibility.

4.3 Information blogging can increase political polarization

Another major risk is that information blogging could result in a divergence of accepted reality. What if one set of information blogs are accepted as true by some of the population, while those same blogs are rejected by another segment of the population? What if multiple factions emerge in the information blogging network with incompatible world views? What if an entire portion of the network becomes overrun by misinformation and disinformation?

Imagine there are multiple information blog aggregators. Among the ‘trusted’ aggregators, many would disagree on what constitutes as a trustworthy source. This would create political polarization within the information blogging network.

I believe the aggregators which incorporate opposing world views and conflicting material, would be the most effective approach towards uniting the information blogging network. These aggregators would brand themselves as ‘mediators’. Because the mediators would include both legitimate and questionable material, they would need to make this clear to readers.

It’s important that people are exposed to opposing arguments, disinformation and propaganda, so they can be aware of the wider information environment. I believe if people diversified their informational diet to include a wide variety of conflicting material, we could reduce political polarization. Mediators within the information blogging network would serve this role.

4.4 Information blogging can provide access to dangerous knowledge

An existential risk of information blogging and education in general is the potential to generate individuals who know how to build dangerous weapons. What if we have a population smart enough where everyone has the ability to make a nuclear bomb in their basement? How do we mitigate this risk?

Although this risk is not limited to information blogging, information blogging has the potential to generate improved educational websites that could advance humanity’s ability to learn difficult topics. On the surface, this sounds like a good thing, but not so much if we consider dangerous knowledge. Would it be sustainable for humanity if everyone was a genius or had magical-seeming abilities? Probably not.

Admittedly, this is a far-fetched risk and unlikely. I’m probably overrating the power of information blogging, but this is still something I wonder about. Regardless, this is a risk we’re already living with because dangerous knowledge is available through a variety of channels.

Ultimately, I believe education and human intelligence is the best antidote to terrorism. One reason people commit atrocities is because they feel the world is unjust and bad. This is primarily the result of a broken society that lacks compassion for humans. Besides culture, only education and a more intelligent population is capable of generating a healthier society. A smarter population can create a better economy and better laws that make everyone feel cared for. For that reason, I believe education is overall a good thing, rather than an existential risk.

4.5 Information blogging can reduce attention spans

Information blogging is based on short-form content, therefore it has the potential to reduce attention spans. Instead of reading a book or research paper, a person could read a series of information blog posts to learn something. Maybe people would become so accustomed to receiving information in clear chunks, they refuse to put in the hard work of reading dense material.

I don’t have a solution for this risk, but I must say information blogging is not meant to replace books and long-form material. I do not endorse eliminating books from one’s educational diet. There are obviously educational benefits to reading long texts that cannot be found within short blog posts.

Overall, I believe people should be smart enough to know this and will not limit themselves to short-form content. A smart person will diversify their educational diet. I hope people find information blog posts to be useful and elucidating, but acknowledge that reading dense texts develops the mind in different ways.

4.6 Information blogging can generate oversimplification

By design, information blogging reduces information into simplified caricatures. This is useful for making difficult information more accessible, but also has the risk of oversimplifying which makes the material less accurate. In terms of IAAOP, oversimplification is a negative factor, while simplification that maintains accuracy is a positive factor.

I hope the authors within the information blogging network try their best to make truthful and accurate posts. They should avoid oversimplifying. Regardless of what I hope, I cannot promise that people will be smart about this risk. There is a chance the network will reward oversimplification. Information blog aggregators and blog reviewers should keep this in mind and point out when posts are oversimplified to the extent that they lose accuracy.

5. Conclusion

This essay has discussed the current state of organizing information on the Internet, provided a description of information blogging, proposed three methods within this framework and elaborated on the potential benefits and risks of information blogging.

The Internet is a mess of information and opinions. We do not have a good system for organizing our information. Wikipedia is great for collecting objective information, but it cannot incorporate personal views and opinions. Feeds and search engine results are too transient for establishing an organized structure. Google and large language models are amazing retrieval tools, but they do not organize information.

We should work towards building the information blogging network using IBG and other methods. The purpose of the framework is to organize the world’s information, provide a way for websites to work together on a shared project, create educational webpages, improve our ability to find common ground on disagreements and supplement how we work together on problems facing humanity. Ultimately, we need to figure out a better method for how we organize collective information. I believe information blogging can be part of the solution.

6. Appendix: IBG examples

Example 5

List of Solar System planets by orbital period

This post is a list of Solar System planets by orbital period around the Sun. There are 8 planets listed below by shortest to longest orbital period. Source: NASA^[14]

• Mercury: 88 days
• Venus: 225 days
• Earth: 365 days
• Mars: 687 days
• Jupiter: 4,333 days (~ 12 years)
• Saturn: 10,759 days (~ 29 years)
• Uranus: 30,687 days (~ 84 years)
• Neptune: 60,190 days (~ 165 years)

Example 6

Top 4 largest galaxies in the Local Group

This post is a list of the top 4 largest galaxies in the Local Group. Source: Wikipedia, Local Group^[15]

1. Andromeda Galaxy
2. Milky Way Galaxy
3. Triangulum Galaxy
4. Large Magellanic Cloud

Example 7

List of Millennium Prize Problems

This post is a list of the Millennium Prize Problems. The Millennium Prize Problems are a list of mathematics problems proposed by the Clay Mathematics Institute in 2000. There are 7 problems listed below alphabetically. Source: Clay Mathematics Institute^[16]

• Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture
• Hodge conjecture
• Navier-Stokes equation
• P versus NP
• Poincaré conjecture
• Riemann hypothesis
• Yang-Mills and the mass gap

Example 8

Basic timeline of ancient Rome

This post is a basic timeline of ancient Rome. There are 10 events listed below chronologically. Sources: Wikipedia, Ancient Rome^[17]; Wikipedia, Punic Wars^[18]; Wikipedia, Crisis of the Third Century^[19]

• Rome was founded on the Tiber river (753 BC)
• Roman Republic was established (509 BC)
• Punic Wars with Carthage (264-146 BC)
• Julius Caesar was assassinated (44 BC)
• Roman Empire was established by Augustus (27 BC)
• Crisis of the Third Century (235-284 AD)
• Western Empire and Eastern Empire were established (284 AD)
• Constantine issued the Edict of Milan (313 AD)
• Romulus Augustus was dethroned ending the Western Empire (476 AD)
• Constantinople was conquered ending the Eastern Empire (1453 AD)

Example 9

List of departments in the U.S. federal government

This post is a list of departments in the U.S. federal government as of 2024. There are 15 departments listed below alphabetically. Source: Wikipedia, United States federal executive departments^[20]

• Agriculture
• Commerce
• Defense
• Education
• Energy
• Health and Human Services
• Homeland Security
• Housing and Urban Development
• Interior
• Justice
• Labor
• State
• Transportation
• Treasury
• Veterans Affairs

Example 10

List of UN Millennium Development Goals

This post is a list of the UN Millennium Development Goals established in 2000 to be achieved by 2015. There are 8 goals listed below. Source: Wikipedia, Millennium Development Goals^[21]

1. To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. To achieve universal primary education
3. To promote gender equality and empower women
4. To reduce child mortality
5. To improve maternal health
6. To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7. To ensure environmental sustainability
8. To develop a global partnership for development

Example 11

List of books in Aristotle's Organon

This post is a list of books in Aristotle's Organon. The Organon is a collection of 6 books about logic. Source: Wikipedia, Organon^[22]

• Categories
• On Interpretation
• Prior Analytics
• Posterior Analytics
• Topics
• On Sophistical Refutations

Example 12

List of fundamental forces

This post is a list of the fundamental forces. According to standard physics, these forces cannot be reduced to more basic interactions. There are 4 forces listed below. Source: Wikipedia, Fundamental interaction^[23]

• Gravity
• Electromagnetism
• Strong force
• Weak force

Example 13

Basic timeline of Earth

This post is a basic timeline of Earth. There are 10 events listed below chronologically. Sources: Wikipedia, History of Earth^[24]; Wikipedia, Great Oxidation Event^[25]

• Formation of Earth (4.5 billion years ago)
• First life (4.0 billion years ago)
• First photosynthesis (3.2 - 2.4 billion years ago)
• First oxygen-rich atmosphere (~ 2.4 billion years ago)
• Cambrian explosion (538 million years ago)
• First vertebrate animals (530 million years ago)
• First dinosaurs (230 million years ago)
• Extinction of dinosaurs (66 million years ago)
• First humans (2 million years ago)
• First civilization (4000 BC)

Example 14

List of Kepler's laws of planetary motion

This post is a list of Kepler's laws of planetary motion. There are 3 laws listed below. Source: Wikipedia, Kepler’s laws of planetary motion^[26]

1. “The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci.”
2. “A line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.”
3. “The square of a planet’s orbital period is proportional [at Kepler’s constant] to the cube of the length of the semi-major axis of its orbit.”

Example 15

Basic timeline of the Big Bang

This post is a basic timeline of the Big Bang. The Big Bang is estimated to have occurred 13.8 billion years ago. There are 8 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia, Big Bang^[27]

• Big Bang occurred and inflation began (0 seconds)
• Gravity separated from the fundamental forces (10^-43 seconds)
• Strong force separated from the fundamental forces (10^-36 seconds)
• Inflation stopped (10^-33 seconds)
• Electromagnetism and the weak force separated (10^-12 seconds)
• Quarks and gluons formed protons and neutrons (10^-6 seconds)
• Protons and neutrons formed nuclei (a few minutes)
• Nuclei and electrons formed atoms (379,000 years)

Example 16

List of major Hawaiian islands

This post is a list of the major Hawaiian islands. There are 8 islands listed below by area. Source: Wikipedia, Hawaiian Islands^[28]

1. Hawaii (island): 4,028 sq mi
2. Maui: 727 sq mi
3. Oahu: 596 sq mi
4. Kauai: 552 sq mi
5. Molokai: 260 sq mi
6. Lanai: 140 sq mi
7. Niihau: 69 sq mi
8. Kahoolawe: 44 sq mi

Example 17

List of New York City boroughs

This post is a list of the New York City boroughs. There are 5 boroughs listed below alphabetically. Source: Visit The USA^[29]

• Bronx
• Brooklyn
• Manhattan
• Queens
• Staten Island

Example 18

List of Great Lakes of North America

This post is a list of the Great Lakes of North America. There are 5 lakes listed below alphabetically. Source: Wikipedia, Great Lakes^[30]

• Erie
• Huron
• Michigan
• Ontario
• Superior

Example 19

Collection of Ludwig van Beethoven compositions

This post is a collection of compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827). There are 4 compositions listed below alphabetically.

• Für Elise
• Moonlight Sonata, 1st Movement
• Ode to Joy
• Symphony No. 7 in A major, Op. 92 – II. Allegretto

Example 20

Collection of Jimi Hendrix songs

This post is a collection of songs by Jimi Hendrix (1942-1970). There are 10 songs listed below alphabetically.

• All Along the Watch Tower
• Bold as Love
• Castles Made of Sand
• Crosstown Traffic
• Hey Joe
• Little Wing
• Manic Depression
• Purple Haze
• Voodoo Child
• The Wind Cries Mary

Example 21

Collection of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart compositions

This post is a collection of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791). There are 4 compositions listed below alphabetically.

• Eine kleine Nachtmusik
• Lacrimosa
• Piano Sonata No. 16 in C major, K. 545, 1st Movement
• Turkish March

Example 22

Collection of Ted Williams career statistics

This post is a collection of Ted Williams career statistics. There are 11 statistics listed below. Source: Baseball Reference^[31]

• At bats: 7,706
• Batting average: .344
• On-base percentage: .482
• Hits: 2,654
• Walks: 2,021
• Strikeouts: 709
• Homeruns: 521
• Runs: 1,798
• RBIs: 1,839
• Stolen bases: 24
• Slugging percentage: .634

Example 23

Collection of popular baseball pitches

This post is a collection of popular baseball pitches. There are 7 pitches listed below alphabetically. Source: Wikipedia, Pitch (baseball)^[32]

• Changeup
• Curveball
• Cutter
• Fastball
• Knuckleball
• Sinker
• Slider

Example 24

List of basic golf club types

This post is a list of basic golf club types. There are 5 clubs listed below alphabetically. Source: Wikipedia, Golf club^[33]

• Hybrid
• Iron
• Putter
• Wedge
• Wood

Example 25

Basic timeline of Michael Faraday

This post is a basic timeline of scientist Michael Faraday (1791-1867). There are 10 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia, Michael Faraday^[34]

• 1791: Born in Newington Butts, England
• ~ 1805: Began working as a bookbinder
• 1813: Became assistant to Humphry Davy at the Royal Institution
• 1821: Constructed an electric rotation motor
• 1824: Elected to the Royal Society
• 1831: Demonstrated electromagnetic induction
• 1831: Constructed the first electric generator
• 1833: Became professor at the Royal Institution
• 1845: Discovered the Faraday effect of light
• 1867: Died at age 75 in Hampton Court, England

Example 26

Basic timeline of Marie Curie

This post is a basic timeline of chemist Marie Curie (1867-1934). There are 15 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia, Marie Curie^[35]

• 1867: Born in Warsaw, Poland (then part of the Russian Empire)
• 1890: Began working at Museum of Industry and Agriculture in Warsaw
• 1891: Enrolled at University of Paris
• ~ 1894: Began researching at ESPCI Paris
• ~ 1897: Began teaching at École normale superiéure
• 1898: Discovered that thorium is radioactive
• 1898: Discovered polonium
• 1898: Discovered radium
• 1903: Received Nobel Prize in Physics
• 1909: Became head of Radium Institute
• 1911: Received Nobel Prize in Chemistry
• 1922: Became a fellow the French Academy of Medicine
• 1922-1934: Served as a member of the League of Nations' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation
• 1930: Elected to the International Atomic Weights Committee
• 1934: Died at age 66 in Passy, France

Example 27

Basic timeline of Nelson Mandela

This post is a basic timeline of Nelson Mandela (1918-2013). There are 18 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia, Nelson Mandela^[36]

• 1918: Born in Mvezo, South Africa
• 1937: Enrolled at Healdtown Comprehensive College
• 1939: Enrolled at University of Fort Hare
• 1941: Moved to Johannesburg, South Africa
• 1943: Enrolled at University of the Witwatersrand
• 1944: Co-founded African National Congress Youth League with Anton Lembede
• 1952: Arrested during the Defiance Campaign
• 1953: Co-founded Mandela and Tambo law firm
• 1955: Participated in the Congress of the People
• 1956: Prosecuted in the Treason Trial
• 1964-1982: Imprisoned on Robben Island
• 1982-1988: Imprisoned at Pollsmoor Prison in Cape Town
• 1988-1990: Imprisoned at Victor Verster Prison
• 1991-1997: Served as President of the African National Congress
• 1991-1992: Convention for a Democratic South Africa was held
• 1993: Received the Nobel Peace Prize
• 1994-1999: Served as President of South Africa
• 2013: Died at age 95 in Johannesburg, South Africa

Example 28

Basic timeline of Voltaire

This post is a basic timeline of writer Voltaire (1694-1778). There are 17 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia, Voltaire^[37]

• 1694: Born in Paris, France
• 1713: Became secretary to the French ambassador in The Hague, Netherlands
• 1723: Published La Henriade
• 1724: Published Mariamne
• 1726: Arrested due to conflict with Guy Auguste Rohan-Chabot
• 1726: Exiled to London, England
• 1733: Published Letters Concerning the English Nation
• 1738: Published Elements of the Philosophy of Newton
• 1750-1752: Served as chamberlain to Frederick the Great in Berlin, Prussia
• 1751: Published The Age of Louis XIV
• ~ 1755: Moved to Geneva, Switzerland
• 1756: Published Essay on the Customs and Spirit of the Nations
• ~ 1758: Moved to Ferney, France
• 1759: Published Candide
• 1764: Published Dictionnaire philosophique
• 1778: Moved back to Paris
• 1778: Died at age 83 in Paris, France

Example 29

Collection of quotes about C

This post is a collection of quotes about C (initially released in 1972). There are 4 quotes listed below. Source: Wikipedia, C (programming language)^[38]

1. "A successor to the programming language B, C was originally developed at Bell Labs by Ritchie between 1972 and 1973 to construct utilities running on Unix."^[38]

2. "[C] has become one of the most widely used programming languages, with C compilers available for practically all modern computer architectures and operating systems."^[38]

3. "C enables programmers to create efficient implementations of algorithms and data structures, because the layer of abstraction from hardware is thin, and its overhead is low, an important criterion for computationally intensive programs."^[38]

4. "A consequence of C's wide availability and efficiency is that compilers, libraries and interpreters of other programming languages are often implemented in C. For example, the reference implementations of Python, Perl, Ruby and PHP are written in C."^[38]

Example 30

Collection of quotes about assembly language

This post is a collection of quotes about assembly language. There are 3 quotes listed below. Source: Wikipedia, Assembly language^[39]

1. "Assembly language... is any low-level programming language with a very strong correspondence between the instructions in the language and the architecture's machine code instructions."^[39]

2. "Assembly code is converted into executable machine code by a utility program referred to as an assembler."^[39]

3. "In the first decades of computing, it was commonplace for both systems programming and application programming to take place entirely in assembly language. While still irreplaceable for some purposes, the majority of programming is now conducted in higher-level interpreted and compiled languages."^[39]

Example 31

Collection of quotes about integrated circuit technology

This post is a collection of quotes about integrated circuit technology. There are 5 quotes listed below. Sources: Wikipedia, Integrated circuit design^[40]; Wikipedia, Integrated circuit^[41]

1. "Integrated circuit design involves the creation of electronic components, such as transistors, resistors, capacitors and the interconnection of these components onto a piece of semiconductor, typically silicon."^[40]

2. "Digital integrated circuits can contain billions of logic gates, flip-flops, multiplexers, and other circuits in a few square millimeters."^[41]

3. "Very-large-scale integration was made practical by technological advancements in metal-oxide-silicon (MOS) semiconductor device fabrication."^[41]

4. "Semiconductor ICs are fabricated in a planar process which includes three key process steps - photolithography, deposition (such as chemical vapor deposition), and etching."^[41]

5. "A random-access memory is the most regular type of integrated circuit; the highest density devices are thus memories; but even a microprocessor will have memory on the chip."^[41]

Example 32

Collection of quotes about x86

This post is a collection of quotes about x86 (initially released in 1978). There are 3 quotes listed below. Source: Wikipedia, x86^[42]

1. "As of June 2022, most desktop and laptop computers sold are based on the x86 architecture family, while mobile categories such as smartphones or tablets are dominated by ARM."^[42]

2. "In the 1980s and early 1990s, when the 8088 and 80286 were still in common use, the term x86 usually represented any 8086-compatible CPU. Today, however, x86 usually implies a binary compatibility also with the 32-bit instruction set of the 80386."^[42]

3. "During execution, current x86 processors employ a few extra decoding steps to split most instructions into smaller pieces called micro-operations."^[42]

Example 33

Francis Bacon and science

Francis Bacon (1561-1626) was an English philosopher best known his contributions to the scientific method. The rest of this post is some quotes from Bacon.

1. "Now my method, though hard to practice, is easy to explain; and it is this. I propose to establish progressive stages of certainty. The evidence of the sense, helped and guarded by a certain process of correction, I retain. But the mental operation which follows the act of sense I for the most part reject; and instead of it I open and lay out a new and certain path for the mind to proceed in, starting directly from the simple sensuous perception." (Novum Organum^[43], 1620)

2. "...since my logic aims to teach and instruct the understanding, not that it may with the slender tendrils of the mind snatch at and lay hold of abstract notions (as the common logic does), but that it may in very truth dissect nature, and discover the virtues and actions of bodies, with their laws as determined in matter; so that this science flows not merely from the nature of the mind, but also from the nature of things..." (Novum Organum^[43], 1620)

3. "Those who have handled sciences have been either men of experiment or men of dogmas. The men of experiment are like the ant, they only collect and use; the reasoners resemble spiders, who make cobwebs out of their own substance. But the bee takes a middle course: it gathers its material from the flowers of the garden and of the field, but transforms and digests it by a power of its own. " (Novum Organum^[43], 1620)

Example 34

John Stuart Mill and free speech

John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) was an English philosopher best known for his contributions to political theory and liberalism. The rest of this post is some quotes from Mill.

1. "He who knows only his own side of the case, knows little of that. His reasons may be good, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if he is equally unable to refute the reasons on the opposite side; if he does not so much as know what they are, he has no ground for preferring either opinion." (On Liberty^[44], 1859)

2. "...the peculiar evil of silencing the expression of an opinion is, that it is robbing the human race; posterity as well as the existing generation; those who dissent from the opinion, still more than those who hold it. If the opinion is right, they are deprived of the opportunity of exchanging error for truth: if wrong, they lose, what is almost as great a benefit, the clearer perception and livelier impression of truth, produced by its collision with error." (On Liberty^[44], 1859)

3. "We can never be sure that the opinion we are endeavoring to stifle is a false opinion; and if we were sure, stifling it would be an evil still." (On Liberty^[44], 1859)

4. "The fatal tendency of mankind to leave off thinking about a thing when it is no longer doubtful, is the cause of half their errors." (On Liberty^[44], 1859)

Example 35

John Dalberg-Acton and democracy

John Dalberg-Acton (1834-1902) was an English historian. The rest of this post is some quotes from Dalberg-Acton.

1. "Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely." (Letter to Mandell Creighton^[45], 1887)

2. "The true democratic principle, that none shall have power over the people, is taken to mean that none shall be able to restrain or to elude its power. The true democratic principle, that the people shall not be made to do what it does not like, is taken to mean that it shall never be required to tolerate what it does not like." (Review of Democracy in Europe by Sir Thomas Erskine May^[46], 1878)

3. "Liberty alone demands for its realisation the limitation of the public authority, for liberty is the only object which benefits all alike and provokes no sincere opposition." (Nationality^[47], 1862)

Example 36

Thomas Hobbes and the social contract

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was an English philosopher best known for the social contract theory. The rest of this post is some quotes from Hobbes.

1. "The OFFICE of the Soveraign, (be it a Monarch or an Assembly,) consisteth in the end for which he was trusted with the Soveraign Power, namely the procuration of the Safety Of The People; to which he is obliged by the Law of Nature..." (The Leviathan^[48], 1651)

2. "For by Art is created that great LEVIATHAN called a COMMON-WEALTH, or STATE, (in latine CIVITAS) which is but an Artificiall Man; though of greater stature and strength than the Naturall, for whose protection and defence it was intended; and in which the Soveraignty is an Artificiall Soul, as giving life and motion to the whole body..." (The Leviathan^[48], 1651)

Example 37

Collection of Vincent van Gogh paintings

This post is a collection of paintings by Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890). There are 2 paintings listed below chronologically.

Sunflowers (1888)

(Insert Sunflowers here)

The Starry Night (1889)

(Insert The Starry Night here)

Example 38

Collection of Caspar David Friedrich paintings

This post is a collection of paintings by Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840). There are 2 paintings listed below chronologically.

Among the Oak Trees (1809-1810)

(Insert Among the Oak Trees here)

Wanderer above the Sea of Fog (1817)

(Insert Wanderer above the Sea of Fog here)

Example 39

Collection of Pierre-Auguste Renoir paintings

This post is a collection of paintings by Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919). There are 2 paintings listed below chronologically.

Bal du moulin de la Galette (1876)

(Insert Bal du moulin de la Galette here)

Luncheon of the Boating Party (1881)

(Insert Luncheon of the Boating Party here)

Example 40

Collection of Hilma af Klint paintings

This post is a collection of paintings by Hilma af Klint (1862-1944). There are 2 paintings listed below.

Altarpiece, No. 1 (1907)

(Insert Altarpiece, No. 1 here)

The Ten Largest, No. 3 (1907)

(Insert The Ten Largest, No. 3 here)

References